Hormone therapy, also known as androgen deprivation therapy (ADT), plays a critical role in the treatment of prostate cancer, particularly in advanced stages of the disease. This article explores how hormone therapy works, its applications, and what patients can expect during treatment.
Understanding Hormone Therapy
- Purpose: Hormone therapy reduces the level of male hormones, or androgens, such as testosterone, which can stimulate the growth of prostate cancer cells.
- Methods of Administration: Hormone therapy can be administered through medications that stop the production of androgens or through surgeries that remove the testicles (orchiectomy), which produce most of the body’s testosterone.
Common Hormone Therapies
- LHRH Agonists: Drugs like leuprolide and goserelin stop the testicles from producing testosterone.
- LHRH Antagonists: Drugs like degarelix lower testosterone levels more quickly and with fewer side effects than LHRH agonists.
- Anti-androgens: Medications such as bicalutamide and flutamide prevent testosterone from reaching cancer cells.
When is Hormone Therapy Used?
- Advanced Prostate Cancer: Typically used when the cancer is advanced or has spread beyond the prostate gland.
- Before Radiation: Sometimes used to shrink the tumor before radiation therapy.
- Recurrent Prostate Cancer: Employed if the cancer returns after initial treatment.
Potential Side Effects
- Physical Effects: Includes hot flashes, reduced sexual desire, erectile dysfunction, and changes in physical appearance.
- Emotional and Psychological Impact: Can affect mood and may lead to depression.
- Bone Density: Long-term use can weaken the bones, increasing the risk of fractures.
Managing Side Effects
- Regular Monitoring: Bone density monitoring and preventive treatment for osteoporosis can be necessary.
- Lifestyle Changes: Exercise and a healthy diet help manage weight gain and maintain bone strength.
Conclusion Hormone therapy is a potent tool in the fight against prostate cancer, offering benefits for many patients, especially those with advanced disease. However, managing the side effects is crucial for maintaining quality of life. Patients should discuss all available options with their healthcare provider to make the best treatment decisions.